Azinova Technologies — SME Case Study (UAE)

As a company within the software industry and based in Dubai, Azinova Technologies has made a number of amended solutions to help execute business with very little effort. Moreover, there are a number of companies that are still attempting to find solutions that would aid them in accomplishing their day-to-day tasks and routines with ease and without error. Overall, every company differs from the next, in terms of how it conducts its services and thus, the software that companies would need have to adapt and adjust to their individual needs.

Azinova’s staff thus has to consider these types of companies and develop products that meet said needs.

Through its 13-year history, the company has focused on timely delivery as well as quality to meet the demands of its customers within set deadlines, thereby providing satisfaction and quality. Starting in 2007 as a small Azinova Technologies company within Dubai, Azinova has been able to expand its operations internationally with facilities in Qatar and India. In spite of this expansion, the company has remained a small organization, comprised of less than 50 employees catering to massive areas and developing web and mobile solutions for several customers on several different of platforms.

Azinova’s primary mission is to create innovative and new applications that are able to replace contemporary ones within the fields of enterprise resource planning software, branding, hosting, domain software, game development, search engine optimization, smartphone applications, software applications, customized development, web based applications and designs, and other various types of web based solutions.

Vision The vision of Azinova Technologies is to provide customers with high quality and consistent software that exceeds their current expectations, meets their needs and is able to work in a way that is similar to what they are used to, thereby affording customers a sense of familiarity.

Organizational Structure

The below diagram shows the organizational chart for Azinova Technologies. It can be seen here that the company has a hierarchical structure wherein a single individual oversees the company as a whole and acts as its managing director, with a few others being in charge of the company’s direction as well.

Below, it can be seen that the company has numerous managers, each in charge of a different department and activity. Although the leader’s position is described in the following, it is important to understand the other positions. In this regard, a research and development manager is one in charge of any research activities within a company with the aim of furthering the said company’s overall innovative efforts and strategies; the company’s human resources manager is in charge of managing its employees including conducting contract negotiations and conflict resolution. The company’s sales manager is in charge of handling all information related to sales, conducting them and closing sales. The company’s customer service manager is in charge of speaking to customers and ensuring that their services are well thought out as well as conducted properly.

The company’s web technology manager is in charge of conducting web-based projects and ensuring that these come to fruition on a desired time basis and the mobile application manager is in charge of developing and managing mobile applications for the company’s customers. Media services is in charge of managing the company’s services as well as communicating any possible information to customers and the company’s business technology manager is in charge of ensuring that the company’s business customers’ needs are properly met.

Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director Research & Development Manager Web Technology Manager Mobile Application Manager Media Services Business Technology Manager Human Resources Manager Sales Manager Customer Service Manager Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Figure 69: Leadership Chart of Azinova Technologies Leadership Although the company itself is based in Dubai and has since expanded to two other nations, its overall team has remained relatively small with 20-25 members of staff per nation. Each of the company’s offices are managed and directed by a single chief executive officer and managing director who oversee all staff performances and provide feedback and assistance as needed. Additionally, as the company’s Dubai facility is its headquarters, its Qatari and Indian offices are expected to report back to this facility, thereby maintaining a sense of synchronicity and clarity between branches of the company. This type of leadership, one that focuses on communication and clarity, has greatly aided the company in its efforts (Faccia, et al., 2019). The company’s chief executive officer and managing director is Shani L. Ganga, who established Azinova Technologies and is in charge of issuing and assigning projects, developing and improving projects, business analysis, strategic planning, information systems and operations management. With 13 years of software industry experience, Ganga acts as the lead engineer and manager in his own company, thereby guiding all those under him toward success. Conversely, Nibal Nasr is in charge of leading the company in terms of developing strategies to provide it with opportunities, whilst offering quality content that is able to accomplish the company’s objectives. He specializes in sales as his position is that of a leader within the company.

Additionally, Nasr is in charge of software engineering, strategic planning, contract negotiations, technical aid, series and project management. It is through his excellent written and verbal communication that Nasr is able to lead a motivated and engaged team effort through the company. Lastly, Kavin Prasanth is the company’s senior Odoo developer within its India-based facilities and acts as management in said facilities. Prior to this, Prasanth was an Itara-based junior engineer and gradually worked his way up the hierarchy.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, companies such as Azinova and around the world have been forced into letting their staff members go due to them being unable to sustain costs and expenses. This has caused the company’s overall number of staff to fall, and so has the company’s services. Nonetheless, as a software industry- based company, Azinova Technologies has been able to operate in the current climate without struggling too much (Vijayan & Sharma, 2020).

Overall, the company offers a number of products ranging from value added tax accounting software to car rental service software. This current subsection of the paper focuses on each of these services individually, and thus provides a detailed description of each.

¡ VAT Accounting Software Value added tax accounting for Azinova is a software solution that is able to combine Odoo’s advanced technical framework with traditional accounting to allow for accounting software that can help customers navigate through a number of value added tax accounting processes. Through this software’s customizability, functionality and control, the company is able to better manage their customers’ value added tax accounting. Moreover, this software ensures that the overall navigation experience of the customer is one that is simplistic by means of pertinent functionality or features.

Figures 70-74: Software/Services of Azinova Technologies ¡ Scheduling Software The company’s scheduling software is aimed to help businesses maintain their employees’ service, dispensing holistic software, offers management control over employees, thereby ensuring business efficiency in a manner that furthers the business rather than hinders it.

In its essence, this software allows businesses to maintain administrative control over their offered services by being able to develop profiles of employees, monitor employee activity and handle service booking processes.

We are able to help you book your services from the online portals.

There will be a customer dashboard which displays the list of customers.

There will be several customized modules which are not usually found inside Odoo We will provide custom reports for you so that you can track performance.

Web Based Booking Customer Dashboard Custom Modules Custom Reports Figure 75: Services of Azinova Technologies (continued) ¡ Warehouse Management Software The company’s warehouse management software allows customers to keep track of deliveries alongside their warehouses’ operations and storage capacity. The company’s software allows customers to input high quality details concerning set objects and then being able to catalogue said objects in a systematic manner that maintains an inventory that is highly polished. This software is able to process every single part of logistical information regarding push rules, pull rules, as well as minimal stock and creates appropriate procurement counts. In of itself, the software has a built-in minimum stock rule set, which allows customers to have their stock be replenished continually even while it is reduced.

Such rules are programmed into the software to ensure that it is able to automatically procure products with customers being able to reprogram the software to set their desired storage levels and buffer inventory levels (Vijayan & Sharma, 2020).

Tracking of the time taken to receive commodities, storage and distribution To ensure that the commodities and products are catalogued in the most efficient manner.

To evaluate the amount of stock that is required for the warehouse on a minimum basis.

To help in the distribution of products to its final destination and status of the delivery.

Tracking Inventory Stock Planning Distribution Figure 76: Continued Services of Azinova Technologies ¡ Finance Management Software The company’s software for project management helps integrate every single aspect into a single functionality, thereby differentiating it from individually complicated interfaces. This software allows multiple members of staff to share documentation, write, collaborate on duties and activities and communicate with one another through a modernized interface that has various viewing styles to aid task accomplishment efficiency. Essentially, it is built to be able to adapt to other instruments with different functions focused on increasing the client’s productivity. This software by Azinova offers a Kanban view, which allows for single drop and drag functionality that aids customers in organizing their events and tasks into simple steps.

¡ Restaurant Management Software The company’s restaurant management software is designed to ensure that every individual element of any given restaurant business functions properly, from inventory storage to reception. Essentially, this software is meant to make restaurant work more efficient and ensure that users are able to easily access the tools needed to perform their activities.

Makes it possible to manage all your documents by storing it and making necessary revision whenever you want to.

The Software’s various interface designs and customize the perfect template for all the different processes.

Get statistics on your tasks so that you can perform analysis on the performance of individual members.

Track the time taken by the project members to scheduled tasks and assign revised schedules accordingly.

Document Management Interface Management Task Analysis Time Tracking Figure 77: Services of Azinova Technologies (continued) ¡ Car Rental Software This software by Azinova Technologies is meant for individuals who wish to use an automotive vehicle for a trip with their loved ones and friends, as renting firms need a considerably detailed account of the vehicles that they own, the nature of the deals that they make, and the individuals who provide vehicles. This software focuses on managing maintenance policies, customer reporting, invoicing, license management, traffic fines and accident management. Adding to this is the fact that the software is compatible with numerous languages as well as the capacity to compare different individuals and vehicles on an insurance validity basis.

¡ Education Management Software To manage all the needs and desires of your customers from a conveniently centralized interface.

Handle all the monetary and transaction oriented issues efficiently and with deft care.

Manage all the activities, schedule the agenda and see the service history of all the employees working under your instruction.

This versatile module will help in the generation of reports related to the performance of the employees.

Customer Management Accounting Management Employee Management Reporting Management Figures 78: Management Software Options of Azinova Technologies This software is able to integrate every process that occurs within a given education institute, with the software being able to plan holidays, aid in equipment procurement, log the number of chairs and desks available, account for the pay of teachers and help aid in depicting the marks students receive. Any of these processes can be observed from their inception to the time of which they are used by employees. Offering a modernized user interface with several processes in place, this software aids in the improvement of efficiency in educational institutions as well as in improving the studying experience.

With this module, you will be able to take into account all the employee details.

With this module, you will be able to systematically store the student details and retrieve it.

With this module, you will be able to perfectly create a database to manage the procurement of fees.

This will make it possible to create a systematic database for storing all library information and to retrieve them.

Employee Detail Management Student Detail Management Free Detail Management Library Management Figure 79: More Management Software Options of Azinova Technologies ¡ Supply Chain Management Software The last product by Azinova Technologies that will be discussed is the supply chain management software that the company offers. This software is meant for trading companies that wish to keep track of all incoming commodities and tracks them from their supply dock to their end destination, thereby keeping track of the contents. Every detail that is required to be considered, including an intended destination, can be input into the software database and segmented into usable information.

Carefully evaluate the amount of the initial stock that you need to begin the entire process by means of the efficient tools.

Tally in every single aspect of purchasing process and execute every action with precision.

Be in control of the entire manufacturing process with our suite of immaculate tools that will help develop the best product possible.

This will ensure ultimate storage efficiency of your products as they await deliveryn to their final destination.

Stock Planning Purchase Management Manufacture Management Warehouse Management Figure 80: Supply Management Chain of Azinova Technologies

Azinova Technologies wishes to attain the following by

means of its highly advanced software solutions

¡ To improve organizational competitiveness.

¡ To acquire and retain employees who are highly qualified and add considerable value to the organization in terms of information technology development and usage.

¡ To create new technical and business-oriented information systems for administering and managing day-to-day organizational tasks.

¡ To allow for the sale of licenses abroad through its international offices, thereby offering its parent company with contractual partners in foreign areas and thereby expanding its operations.

¡ To reduce and streamline expenses of operating and maintaining software solutions.

¡ To decrease service equipment expenses.

¡ To increase management activity efficiency.

¡ To increase sales of software, where said software can be adapted to and focused on set organizations and their needs.

The company uses a number of operational strategies, the main one including continual service and/or product development. One of the most important things for any company, especially one in the software solution development industry, is to remain competitive. This is something that requires the continued development of new services and products. The company believes that it has to apply a similar amount of focus to operations and control as it does to information technology. An example of this would be when retailing new products, the company provides comprehensive demonstrations and product launches that take place in a coordinated and synchronous manner with the company’s customers to ensure controlled launch and compliance (Faccia, et al., 2019). The strategic direction of this rests in customer and channel identification as some have requirements and profiles that are very different from the company’s main channels. In this regard, Azinova Technologies is able to make use of its flexible operations and systems, thereby being able to operate through various channels. The second strategy that the company greatly relies on is that of supply chain optimization.

Within the last few decades, the sourcing of most products has depended entirely on manufacturing that is resourced from overseas (García-Berna, et al., 2018).

Instead of taking operations into account as being merely warehouses, supply chain optimization involves cost savings, outbound and inbound supply chains to attain advantages and so on. The strategic directions of supply chain optimization can be segmented into

outbound and inbound, as follows

Inbound ¡ Establish portals for vendors to exchange information regarding invoicing, delivering and purchase orders.

¡ Attain visibility by means of inbound shipments of technology equipment.

¡ Enforce and establish contractor and vendor compliance.

¡ Push quality maintenance and value-added services through the chain of supply, thereby reducing delays, rework and expenses in providing customers their final product.

Outbound ¡ Address the manner in which the cost of equipment transportation and the length of time needed to transport equipment to customers can be reduced through third-party fulfillment, last mile deliveries, zone skipping and multi-DC strategies.

Through rigorous research and evaluation of the company, the author was able to find that it utilizes two strategies to market itself. Being a software company that offers equipment in certain cases, Azinova Technologies focuses on marketing its products through search engine optimization and social media marketing.

¡ SEO In itself, the process of search engine optimization involves improving website traffic quantity and quality with the company, attempting to bring users on to its website in order to learn about the company as well as view its services (Vijayan & Sharma, 2020). This mainly involves users being brought to a website through an individual online search engine, like Google or Yahoo.

Search engine optimization focuses on unpaid traffic (also known as organic or natural results) instead of paid or direct traffic. Unpaid user traffic can come from a number of different types of possible searches, apart from search engines, including vertical industry-specific search engines, news searches, academic searches, video searches and image searches (Faccia, et al., 2019).

In using internet marketing strategies such as search engine optimization, Azinova Technologies is able to rely on its highly skilled and dedicated developers to operate algorithms that have been programmed into its computers to dictate the behavior of its search engines including but not limited to what individuals look for, but also the type of keywords and sentences that they use to search a given product or subject matter. The company has mainly utilized industry standards in terms of search engine optimization and thus, is able to adjust its website and other pages in such a way that it ranks higher than those of its competitors in terms of search results. This means that those individuals who visit the company’s website are generally converted into customers through being informed of the company’s products as well as their trust in the company by finding it on the top of search results (Alhashmi, Salloum & Abdallah, 2019).

Currently, the world’s leading search engines such as Yahoo, Bing and Google utilize crawlers in order to seek out pages for their algorithmic results with pages that are linked from other search engines being indexed in such a manner that they are automatically found (Faccia, et al., 2019). The DMOZ and Yahoo directories are two important directories that were closed down in 2017 and 2014 respectively, both of which necessitated human editorial and manual submissions of searches that needed to be reviewed (Vijayan & Sharma, 2020).

Google utilizes Google Search Console, in which a set sitemap made on XML feeds into and is freely submitted to make sure that every page on the Internet can be found, particularly pages that cannot be found by hyperlinks (Khan, et al., 2017).

¡ Social Media Marketing Social media marketing is the second type of marketing.

Azinova Technologies uses social media websites and platforms in order to promote a set service or product (Lebdeh, Qasim & Kharbat, 2020). While academia in certain areas utilizes the terms “digital marketing” and “e-marketing,” social media marketing is a term that is currently becoming popular both in terms of its usage as well as its reference to the action previously mentioned (Borrego, et al., 2019). Most social media platforms have established tools of data analytics that allow companies organizations to track ad campaign engagement, success and progress. Companies can address various stakeholders by means of this type of marketing, including but not limited to, the general public, bloggers, journalists, potential and current employees, and potential and current customers (Jabeen & Isakovic, 2018). Social media marketing, on a strategic level for Azinova Technologies, has meant posting advertisements for individuals who wish to procure a set software solution with interests that match the company offerings. In and of itself, the company’s social media marketing activities include marketing campaign management, scope setting, social media tone, culture establishment, and governance to help the firm establish an online atmosphere for itself.

In using social media marketing, Azinova Technologies is able to enable Internet users as well as customers to see content they have generated, including reviews, comments and so on, in order to engage with the company and market it to others. Essentially, this type of marketing has been highly successful for a company such as Azinova Technologies, as it has been able to amass a small online following that is loyal and is readily informed and communicated with.

¡ Social Networking Websites

Through the years, companies such as Azinova Technologies have faced a number of challenges, the main of which include development and advancement of technologies, thereby making it challenging for Azinova Technologies to maintain pace with such changes, and requiring it to adopt to new infrastructures, implement new equipment, provide customers higher value compared to their competitors, offer continued support including upgrades and enhancements, improve mobile application and web solution design and development, and so on. Overall, a number of information technology projects tend to fail with the industry itself continually fluctuating due to the impact of globalization as well as the expansion of the industry to numerous countries, thereby increasing the number of companies within it to near infinite numbers (Jabeen & Isakovic, 2018). There are a number of challenges that companies such as

Azinova Technologies face, which include the following

Developing revenue and identifying reporting as well as requirements for its products.

¡ Attaining a return on investments.

¡ Retaining and attracting talented software developers.

¡ Complicated user requirement levels.

¡ Complex software bug resolution and testing iterations.

¡ Interface and integration issues brought on by changes in trends.

¡ Outsourcing and internal sourcing due to lack of staff.

¡ Market pressures to improve adoption time and rates.

¡ Older infrastructure and legacy systems causing issues.

¡ A high amount of competition brought on by globalization.

The software development industry is a highly complex one that requires companies such as Azinova Technologies to adapt to changes rapidly and adjust their pace to meet the requirements of their set user base. Recognizing relevant individuals with the appropriate knowledge and proficiency for development is challenging and the industry itself is growing. Thus, the company has to continue adapting to changes in a timely manner whilst keeping competitors in mind.

Through the years, Azinova Technologies has been highly successful in maintaining its business by not focusing on sizable expansion, but rather, focusing on expanding its operations whilst keeping its current staff and furthering their experience. Another practice that the company uses is that of personalizing each software it develops for its customers, thus providing individual customers with something that they are able to easily understand and make use of.

One of the biggest failures of Azinova Technologies has been that it is unable to readily adjust to changes in the market and trends, thereby relying on others to adopt newer technologies, and for customers to ask for these technologies prior to offering them. This has cost the company a considerable amount of revenue over the years.

Currently, the company maintains the same flow it has for 13 years. The company has reduced its staff numbers by a small amount, but has been able to maintain its operations on a limited budget. Currently, the company has less than 50 employees, all of whom report to the company’s Dubai office.

In terms of recommendations, Azinova Technologies should attempt to further its adaption of newer technologies and implement improved solutions that are able to fit in the current market, whilst also offering customers the ability to easily understand these software solutions. Additionally, the company should attempt to improve its overall offerings by providing customers with more diverse software that not only focus on business customers, but also individual customers.

Moreover, the author recommends that the company attempts to improve its current size into a medium sized organization expanding its overall scope of the possible number of customers. This would allow the company to easily visit with and cater to more customers, thereby gradually improving its overall customer base, helping the company to cultivate a large following that is loyal.

This would greatly improve the company’s overall end market, as well as allow it to amass a higher amount of profit and recognition around the world. As an already multinational company, it is important for the company to expand its staff numbers to provide more customers with its services.

Lesson Learned

¡ I learned about the following, including

¡ Aspects that software companies have to focus on.

¡ How small companies expand internationally without harming their overall profit margins.

¡ How small companies can continually improve on their offerings and maintain a loyal staff.

In conclusion, it can be stated that Azinova Technologies is a highly successful organization that has been able to maintain a loyal following over the years, with the company readily adopting to and adjusting itself to the market. Although the company has not been successful in implementing new and advanced technologies into its products and offerings, Azinova Technologies has been able to maintain a highly experienced and knowledgeable employee base that has been able to further its overall position within the market greatly.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(94)90001-9 Index Index A accomplish, 35, 198, 234, 236, 238, 265, 269, 273 accounting, 55, 270, 275, 294-295 achievement, 197 administration, 15, 63, 197, 207, 215, 309, 311 advertising, 31, 32, 37, 72, 83-85, 90, 92, 99, 156, 188, 207, 222, 232, 254, 255, 256, 258 agency, 31, 83 agreement, 33, 34, 130, analytics, 36, 257, 262, 282, 294, 296, 299 app, 64, 259 application, 53, 68, 70, 71, 152, 158, 266, 267, 268, 283, 292, 295 audience, 11, 15, 16, 88, 115, avail, 305 availability, 24, 169, 216 B base, 8, 9, 25, 29, 36, 46, 48, 50, 55, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 85, 91, 96, 97, 111, 115, 120, 121, 135, 139, 141, 147, 148, 149, 195, 196, 198, 201, 203, 208, 209, 216, 226, 245, 247, 248, 251, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 284, 286, 287 benefits, 25, 47, 66, 80, 99, 217, 230, 256, 296 brand, 37, 42, 57, 87, 88, 103, 104, 108, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 124, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 148, 154, 168, 172, 175, 201, 204, 231, 247, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 266 budget, 13, 23, 26, 35, 52, 73, 88, 98, 166, 172, 173, 175, 224, 248, 254, 256, 257, 258, 260, 285 building, 3, 9, 17, 21, 28, 30, 31, 37, 38, 103, 118, 166, 173, 200, 300 business, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15-17, 25, 27, 31, 34, 36, 41, 42, 45-51, 53, 56, 57, 61-63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 83, 85, 86, 89, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 182, 185, 187, 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 214, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 265, 267, 269, 271, 274, 277, 278, 283, 285, 286, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 309, 310, 311, 312 buy, 51, 54, 85, 122 capital, 34, 35, 55, 56 case study, 16, 17, 77, 78, 79, 125, 147, 159, 209, 214, 217, 225, 226, 229, 245, 247, 254, 258, 261, CEO, 4, 5, 14, 25, 27, 29, 61-63, 65, 105, 106, 107, 108, 114, 119, 120, 121, 123, 131, 183, 249, 255, 309 challenges, 13, 34, 35, 54, 73, 74, 92, 93, 94, 100, 109, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143, 155, 156, 159, 166, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 187, 188, 192, 205, 206, 207, 209, 222, 223, 237, 238, 242, 245, 248, 254, 255, 257, 261, 262, 283, 284, 291 changes, 37, 108, 119, 134, 152, 192, 215, 253, 262, 283, 284, 285 client, 27, 29, 31, 38, 42, 46, 47, 62, 64, 68, 70, 71, 85, 87, 100, 168, 172, 181, 182, 185, 188, 189, 190, 190, 191, 192, 196, 207, 209, 217, 230, 234, 239, 240, 241, 248, 273, cold-calling, 31, 32 communication, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 43, 65, 80, 131, 132, 140, 141, 190, 202, 208, 236, 254, Index 256, 258, 269, 292, 300 company, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 46, 50, 61, 64, 66, 74, 77, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 140, 147, 148, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 173, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 216, 217, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 236, 238, 239, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 301, 306 competition, 4, 9, 11, 22, 47, 48, 112, 119, 143, 155, 156, 166, 188, 214, 240, 247, 284, 305, 310 construction, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 27, 30, 34, 181, 185, 292, 294, 300 consultant, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 118, 124, 183, 186,189, 259, 301, consumer, 24, 92, 112, 113, 115, 120, 122, 139, 147, 190, 234, 235, 239, 240, 241, 252, 257 contact, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 41, 187 contracting, 34 cost, 10, 29, 33, 34, 47, 55, 57, 66, 68, 71, 75, 99, 111, 134, 138, 139, 154, 172, 189, 207, 220, 221, 223, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 242, 253, 254, 257, 258, 260, 261, 270, 279, 280, COVID-19, 8, 15, 27, 34, 36, 38, 66, 74, 108, 109, 110, 111, 121, 123, 125, 130, 138, 143, 151, 153, 154, 155, 168, 173, 176, 177, 183, 187, 188, 201, 217, 222, 223, 226, 247, 269, 292 culture, 26, 79, 100, 108, 121, 129, 253, 282, 294, customer, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 61, 64, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 83, 85, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 115, 116, 121, 124, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 183, 185, 195, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 224, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286 data, 36, 41, 55, 56, 68, 120, 122, 257, 262, 282, 294, 296, 298, 299 database, 276, 277 department, 11, 29, 63, 64, 75, 76, 85, 105, 106, 117, 183, 199, 249, 250, 255, 256, 259, 267 dependable, 186 design, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 34, 64, 77, 88, 89, 98, 116, 118, 131, 136, 138, 139, 142, 153, 184, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 221, 235, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 258, 259, 266, 274, 283, 292, 294, destination, 273, 277 details, 31, 189, 196, 250, 272, 276 development, 27, 30, 61, 62, 63, 64, 70, 71, 98, 153, 167, 174, 202, 218, 232, 266, 267, 268, 278, 283, 284, 287, 292, 293, 294, 297, 298, 299, 300, 309, 310, 311 diverse, 35, 143, 218, 229, 232, 234, 286 documents, 274 Index Dubai, 3, 4, 13, 17, 27, 61, 64, 72, 77, 130, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 202, 204, 213, 214, 215, 219, 233, 245, 265, 266, 268, 285, 291, 292, 300, 301, 309, duties, 26, 273 E efficiency, 14, 61, 79, 105, 113, 119, 247, 253, 257, 258, 271, 273, 276, 277, emails, 31 employee, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 57, 61, 65, 70, 84, 85, 93, 94, 97, 99, 105, 107, 109, 111, 119, 120, 123, 124, 131, 132, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 149, 150, 156, 158, 160, 161, 166, 167, 172, 175, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 222, 223, 226, 233, 235, 246, 250, 254, 258, 260, 266, 267, 271, 275, 276, 277, 282, 285, 287, 297, 298, 300 entrepreneur, 18, 31, 165, 174, 196, 200, 209, 291, 300, 310 establishment, 248, 282 experience, 3, 5, 14, 16, 17, 23, 26, 42, 44, 49, 57, 65, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 93, 123, 134, 141, 142, 167, 168, 173, 174, 176, 181, 185, 187, 188, 214, 216, 218, 225, 248, 250, 251, 253, 259, 260, 269, 270, 276, 285, 287, 309 F Facebook, 50, 51, 171, 187, 188, 238, 259 facility, 103, 230, 231, 268, feature, 48, 68, 89, 100, 133, 150, 159, 198, 221, 235, 253, 270 feedback, 50, 52, 100, 168, 169, 236, 252, 259, 268 field, 22, 28, 32, 35, 42, 84, 181, 223, 225, 234, 235, 266, 309, 310 financial, 33, 35, 36, 75, 97, 109, 112, 123, 149, 252, 255, 257, 258, 261 firm, 27, 47, 49, 50, 53, 89, 109, 130, 148, 149, 156, 231, 232, 241, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261, 274, 282, 292 flow, 25, 29, 74, 78, 105, 131, 141, 219, 237, 238, 239, 241, 250, 255, 285 focus, 10, 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 108, 109, 111, 116, 121, 123, 130, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 147, 159, 165, 168, 169, 176, 196, 241, 246, 247, 248, 252, 256, 265, 269, 270, 273, 274, 278, 280, 285, 286, 309, 310 founders, 5, 65, 85, 217, 231, 251 funds, 4, 16 G goals, 4, 22, 25, 27, 36, 38, 49, 83, 84, 91, 121, 131, 133, 136, 143, 170, 174, 197, 198, 200, 218, 231, 246, 259, 260 government, 7, 12, 13, 32, 35, 36, 45, 62, 94, 111, 291, 310 global, 27, 108, 115, 116, 121, 142, 148, 231, 232, 246, 283, 284, 292, 297, 309 H help, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 43, 49, 53, 54, 68, 69, 90, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 109, 112, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124, 133, 134, 139, 143, 150, 152, 165, 167, 171, 174, 183, 186, 197, 200, 202, 209, 2114, 218, 223, 229, 233, 246, 252, 253, 257, 259, 260, 261, 265, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 282, 286, 298, 311 hub, 72, 204 identification, 25, 31, 32, image, 136, 157, 173, 174, 259, 280 implement, 6, 64, 71, 76, 80, 87, 90, 100, 134, 135, 141, 202, 206, 208, 232, 249, 256, 258, 259, 261, 283, 286, 287, 291, 292, 293, 295, 298, 301 industry, 9, 34, 35, 41, 47, 48, 61, 65, 75, 84, 107, 125, 165, 166, 168, 187, 207, 235, 265, 269, 270, 278, 280, 281, 283, 284, Index 292, 294, 300, 311 information, 27, 37, 41, 43, 156, 187, 226, 234, 248, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 267, 269, 272, 276, 277, 278, 279, 282, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300 infrastructure, 71, 103, 114, 119, 283, 284, 298 innovation, 27, 62, 64, 70, 113, 123, 197, 226 input, 44, 118, 249, 252, 272, 277 issue, 36, 55, 72, 74, 111, 118,120, 136, 238, 239, 247, 254, 255, 256, 275, 284, 292 individual, 22, 26, 28, 30, 33, 34, 38, 43, 47, 48, 159, 229, 231, 235, 241, 251, 265, 267, 270, 273, 274, 275, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286 Instagram, 50, 51, 135, 154, 157, 171, 201, 238, 259 instrument, 36, 257, 273 interference, 38 international, 182, 214, 215, 216, 255, 278, 287 Internet, 32, 71, 135, 216, 221, 258, 281, 282 improvement, 37, 50, 52, 55, 61, 69, 98, 158, 245, 250, 260, 276 inventory, 235, 272, 274 investors, 13 labor, 5, 6, 21, 34, 137, 139, 181, 252 launch, 31, 87 leadership, 5, 7, 8, 16, 26, 44, 56, 65, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80, 85, 98, 106, 107, 114, 121, 125, 131, 150, 156, 159, 160, 183, 196, 200, 206, 208, 218, 230, 249, 251, 254, 258, 261, 269 legal, 13, 31, 95, 117, 118, 124, 155, 172, 173, 196, 209 lesson, 16, 30, 37, 78, 98, 99, 122, 142, 159, 174, 191, 192, 225, 241, 242, 245, 260, 286 LinkedIn, 189 location, 69, 92, 135, 169, 171, 172, 224, 237, 239 major, 32, 44, 63, 109, 115, 135, 137, 152, 192, 231, 234, 248, 255, 261 management, 6, 8, 16, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 43, 49, 61, 66, 68, 75, 77, 86, 87, 99, 100, 107, 119, 131, 138, 142, 156, 166, 167, 168, 171, 173, 176, 182, 183, 184, 196, 202, 206, 207, 208, 236, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 254, 258, 260, 262, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 282 market, 10, 11, 12, 15, 22, 23, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 72, 75, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 97, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123,124, 134,147, 149, 165, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 186, 190, 226, 242, 247, 248, 252, 253, 254, 256, 260, 262, 280, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287 marketing, xi, 5, 11, 12, 15, 30, 31, 32, 50, 52, 53, 54, 63, 71, 72, 73, 83, 86, 87, 92, 106, 107, 115, 116, 123, 124, 131, 132, 135, 136, 142, 143, 154, 155, 165, 168, 171, 174, 176, 186, 188, 191, 196, 199, 200, 204, 205, 221, 222, 224, 226, 232, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242, 247, 248, 250, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 280, 281, 260, 261, 282, 283 member, ix, 4, 8, 16, 24, 37, 54, 105, 107, 109, 111, 114, 197, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 224, 225, 232, 233, 246, 268, 269, 273, 274 Middle East, 115, 185 mission statement, xi, 11, 23, 62, 104, 130, 148, 182, 196, 217, 229, 246, 247, 260, 266 model, ix, xi, 19, 28, 36, 61, 74, 79, 86, 105, 122, 250, 251, 258 N negative, 53, 98 number, 9, 15, 24, 25, 31, 34, 35, 36, 55, 61, 65, 75, 201, 221, 222, 224, 239, 240, 256, 265, 270, 276, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286 O office, 3, 5, 9, 17, 37, 45, 63, Index 68, 83, 181, 185, 187, 197, 250, 268, 278, 285 opportunity, 33, 48, 52, 84, 148, 221, 119 order, 6, 8, 13, 14, 24, 29, 30, 35, 36, 44, 50, 55, 79, 87, 89, 90, 98, 135, 151, 156, 160, 203, 219, 220, 226, 253, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283 organization, ix, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18, 32, 34, 43, 63, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86, 92, 105, 108, 130, 134, 152, 182, 184, 192, 198, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 232, 246, 249, 266, 277, 282, 286, 287 outline, 105, 246, 247 output, 25, 66 owner, 8, 13, 15, 43, 131, 137, 140, 149, 150, 174, 204, 222, 223, 225, 261 overcome, xi, 13, 35, 74, 94, 111, 112, 118, 138, 156, 159, 206, 238, 284 P package, 35, 136, 139, 223, pandemic, 8, 15, 27, 36, 37, 66, 74, 76, 87, 93, 97, 108, 109, 110, 111, 121, 130, 138, 151, 153, 154, 155, 159, 168, 173, 176, 183, 187, 188, 201, 216, 219, 247, 250, 269 participate, 32, 214 partner, 13, 14, 26, 42, 56, 147, 158, 278 passion, ix, xii, 129, 131, 140, 142, 172, 197 payment, 22, 24, 28, 33, 53, 54, 74, 97 percentage, 14, 110, 239 performance, 75, 76, 63, 131, 123, 160, 181, 200, 223, 225, 226, 247, 262, 268, 272, 274 place, 47, 66, 70, 72, 85, 87, 91, 92, 96, 105, 123, 135, 140, 154, 165, 168, 170, 172, 176, 204, 215, 237, 239, 240, 266, 276, planning, 24, 68, 83, 49, 87, 88, 100, 114, 184, 196, 207, 233, 266, 269 policy, 30, 201, 203 position, 31, 36, 37, 46, 49, 63, 76, 78, 105, 130, 137, 183, 186, 187, 202, 229, 231, 233, 240, 267, 269, positive, 54, 57, 76, 98, 150, 169, 239, 248 practice, xi, 14, 15, 36, 37, 75, 76, 94, 95, 118, 119, 120, 139, 140, 156, 173, 182, 189, 197, 206, 236, 238, 239, 241, 284, 285 preparation, 96, 232 pricing, 33, 38, 134, 135, 137, 154, 204, 250 principle, 196, 207, 209 problem, 13, 14, 16, 33, 35, 93, 241, 256, 261 process, 35, 50, 91, 94, 98, 103, 137, 138, 151, 170, 184, 198, 203, 253, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 280 product, xi, 9, 29, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 66, 72, 75, 83, 87, 88, 92, 103, 104, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 122, 124, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 165, 168, 169, 171, 174, 184, 185, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 220, 231, 232, 234, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 261, 265, 270, 272, 273, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 287 production, 26, 87, 88, 97, 105, 121, 138, 143, 199, 203, 205, 236 profile, 35, 188, 251, 271, program, 139, 158, 272 progress, 19, 29, 33, 138, 207, 282 project, 15, 21, 23, 24, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 62, 64, 74, 75, 98, 99, 116, 197, 257, 267, 269, 273, promotion, 72, 83, 92, 136, 154, 160, 171, 205, 207, 222, 253 purchasing, 54, 63, 277 R range, 26, 42, 53, 56, 72, 112, 137, 215, 221, 225, recommendations, ix, 16, 34, 37, 41, 56, 77, 78, 121, 122, 141, 158, 224, 245, 259, 285 rent, 220, 221, 237, 238, Index report, ix, 29, 33, 63, 75, 109, 131, 147, 219, 250, 255, 268, 285 relationship, 43, 46, 156, 168, 203, 239, 250, 253, 257, 260, 262 reputation, 37, 53, 75, 89, 91, 95, 100, 138, 170, 173, 174, 176, 238, 242 requirement, 13, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 31, 35, 48, 50, 61, 64, 70, 71, 89, 117, 203, 236, 283, 284 research, ix, xi, 78, 87, 90, 242, 258, 267, 280 resolution, 267, 284 resources, 27, 37, 42, 50, 66, 113, 114, 138, 153, 182, 186, 203, 205, 235, 249, 252, 267 responsible, 7, 64, 87, 134, 149, 231, 249 restructure, xi, 8, 27, 34, 66, 86, 108, 151, 168, 183, 219, 233, 234, 269 revenue, 15, 17, 66, 86, 111, 122, 148, 219, 221, 239, 250, 283, 285 rules, 7, 25, 117, 172, 223, 224, 272 S safety, 18, 36, 41, 143, 149, 151, 168, 173, 216, 224 sales, 5, 31, 33, 50, 52, 62, 63, 77, 83, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 114, 116, 121, 132, 138, 139, 140, 149, 151, 155, 156, 199, 202, 230, 232, 242, 247, 249, 250, 253, 259, 260, 262, 267, 268, 269, 278 satisfaction, 10, 11, 14, 17, 72, 139, 150, 169, 170, 173, 176, 265 school, 45, 69 sector, xi, 68, 74, 148, 181, 185, 202, 208, 254 sell, 14, 44, 54, 154, 157, 166, 171, 239 SEO, 238, 259, 280 service, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 28, 33, 34, 38, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 54, 66, 72, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 115, 133, 134, 148, 149, 152, 153, 158, 165, 166168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 190, 191, 195, 199, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, 215, 220, 221, 225, 226, 230, 236, 241, 257, 259, 265, 267, 270, 271, 275, 278, 279, 280, 282, 286 SME, xi, 38, 61, 77, 79, 206, 207, 222, 254, 255, 257, 258, 261 software, 61, 64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 190, 202, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 282, 284, 285, solution, 16, 33, 35, 36, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 77, 89, 111, 138, 245, 248, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 265, 266, 267, 270, 277, 278, 282, 283, 284, 286 sponsor, 13 staff, ix, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 23, 24, 31, 34, 36, 37, 43, 65, 68, 140, 183, 199, 223, 235, 236, 241, 265, 268, 269, 270, 273, 284, 285, 286 strategy, 10, 11, 12, 22, 27, 28, 29, 33, 38, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 70, 72, 83, 87, 89, 91, 92, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 133, 134, 147, 152, 153, 154, 159, 165, 166, 168, 170, 171, 174, 176, 185, 186, 202, 204, 205, 221, 224, 235, 236, 237, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 261, 279 strengths, 79, 107, 108, 152, structure, xi, 4, 21, 23, 25, 43, 54, 62, 63, 84, 85, 87, 96, 105, 109, 131, 132, 141, 149, 167, 182, 196, 198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 205, 209, 218, 230, 235, 248, 249, 250, 255, 266, 267 study, xi, 16, 17, 77, 78, 79, 120, 121, 147, 159, 168, 196, 214, 217, 225, 229, 245, 247, 254, 261 success, 4, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 26, 75, 95, 97, 100, 114, 119, 132, 136, 140, 141, 142, 148, 152, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 176, 185, 186, 191, 196, 202, 204, 209, 248, 250, 252, 258, 259260, 261, 269, 282 support, 3, 4, 6, 7, 31, 48, 54, 64, 68, 72, 74, 94, 98, 106, 107, 136, 153, Index 214, 251, 283 sustainable, 130, 134,136, 138, 139 T targeted, 41, 205, 246, 253 task, 13, 14, 27, 30, 32, 35, 63, 66, 68, 77, 78, 85, 98, 199, 265, 273, 274, team, xi, 5, 7, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 35, 63, 64, 68, 70, 78, 84, 85, 87, 94, 98, 100, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 114, 119, 123, 131, 132, 150, 151, 156, 166, 170, 173, 174, 176, 181, 183, 197, 203, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222, 230, 242, 249, 251, 257, 258, 259, 260, 268, 269 technology, 16, 56, 62, 66, 658, 70, 73, 86, 206, 232, 246, 267, 277, 278, 279, 283 time management, 156 trends, 57, 119, 120, 124, 134, 247, 284, 285 Twitter, 50, 51, 188, 259 U UAE, ix, xii, 3, 4, 5, 13, 17, 27, 32, 34, 41, 55, 56, 57, 71, 104, 106, 117, 121, 122, 147, 148, 152, 157, 159, 184, 187, 190, 195, 208, 216, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 229, 231, 233, 245, 247, 248, 253, 256, 257, United States, 190 vendors, 26, 27, 38, 151, 203, 279 virtual, 233 vision, xi, 4, 11, 23, 38, 42, 62, 68, 84, 87, 88, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 123, 130, 134, 148, 154, 166, 167, 170, 174, 176, 182, 187, 197, 218, 222, 225, 230, 246, 247, 254, 258, W weaknesses, 107, 108, 152, word-of-mouth, 12, 53, 104, 115, 116, 124, 140, 205, 237, 238, 254, 257 work, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 33, 34, 34, 35, 44, 70, 79, 84, 85, 87, 89, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 105, 113, 114, 120, 130, 131, 132, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 149, 168, 172, 173, 174, 176, 186, 189, 197, 199, 202, 217, 220, 222, 224, 225, 233, 250, 258, 266, workforce, 38 workplace, 24, 34, 36, 149,